The topic of women's health commonly brings to mind issues related to fertility and cancers of the reproductive system. However, the fact that a patient is female can also make a significant difference in the symptoms they experience, how they respond to medications, and which conditions they are more likely to develop.
"Heart disease, stroke and some neurological conditions are areas where symptoms can differ in women and may be misinterpreted or overlooked," Stephen Russell, MD, said.
An internist at the UAB satellite clinic in Moody, Russell said physicians need to be aware of these possibilities when female patients exhibit symptoms that don't quite fit the classic pattern.
"Stroke symptoms can be atypical and more subtle. Women are at greater risk for stroke as well as autoimmune disorders such as arthritis and lupus. There's a greater incidence of MS, migraines, depression, osteoporosis and urinary tract infections.
"There can be a difference in how women respond to drugs—even aspirin. They don't seem to receive the same heart benefit as men, but it is more protective against stroke in women. They also need more calcium and vitamin D."
Social differences can also have an effect on health in women. They are often caregivers for children, parents and spouses. Stress and physical, time and economic demands can make it more difficult to care for themselves.
"But as in air travel, you have to put on your own mask first," Bates said. "To be able to care for others, you have to take care of yourself."
After menopause, the protective effect of hormones fade and women begin to catch up with men in heart disease. Because they tend to live longer, the diseases of aging are also a concern.
"Fortunately, women in general seem to be more attuned to their health and to discussing concerns with their doctor," Russell said. "What they do in their early years—getting enough calcium and weight bearing exercise, not smoking, keeping their cholesterol and blood pressure down, and getting into good habits early—can greatly improve their quality of life later."
